Track geometry refers to the curvature and alignment of rails in both horizontal and vertical directions.Irregularities such as gauge deviation, alignment error, and level variation directly affect train running safety and ride comfort. These abnormalities can occur due to ground subsidence, temperature fluctuations, or aging infrastructure, and if left unaddressed, may lead to derailments or equipment damage. 2iSYS’s inspection system collects high-precision geometry data in real time during high-speed operation using advanced sensors, enabling rapid detection of abnormal sections through data-driven analysis.

The rail head is the part that comes into direct contact with train wheels, and it can suffer from various types of damage such as pitting, spalling, corrugation, and cracks. These defects occur due to repeated loads, environmental factors, and material fatigue, which can lead to reduced running stability, as well as noise and vibration issues. 2iSYS automatically detects and quantifies various surface defects through high-resolution 3D scanning and deep learning–based image analysis technology.

Rail wear appears in the form of uneven or uniform wear and progresses over time due to factors such as traffic frequency, vehicle load, and insufficient lubrication. As wear deepens, it can lead to changes in track gauge, derailment risks, and increased maintenance costs. This system precisely analyzes the rail cross-section using a 3D laser profiler and quantifies wear conditions by comparing them with standard reference profiles.

Fasteners—such as clips, plates, and fishplates—are essential components that secure rails to sleepers. When they become detached or damaged, the structural stability of the track is compromised. Loosening or breakage can occur due to train vibrations, temperature fluctuations, or repeated loads, and if left unattended, may lead to serious accidents. 2iSYS utilizes high-resolution imaging and deep learning technology to automatically detect missing or defective fasteners during operation.

Sleepers distribute the rail load evenly to the ground, and cracks or damage can compromise the overall structural stability. Defects in sleepers may occur due to train vibrations, improper installation, or aging, leading to track deformation and increased risk of accidents if left unaddressed. The 2iSYS system automatically identifies cracks and damage in concrete sleepers using 3D image analysis, supporting maintenance decision-making.

The track bed supports the load between the sleepers and the ground, and any unevenness or damage can affect the overall track structure. Track bed defects such as subsidence, erosion, or cracking can reduce running stability and increase maintenance costs. This system automatically detects abnormalities in the concrete track bed by analyzing high-resolution imagery.

The ballast provides drainage and elasticity to maintain track stability. However, excessive wear, loss, or uneven distribution of ballast can cause track subsidence, vibration, and noise problems. 2iSYS supports track stability assessment by precisely analyzing ballast quantity, density, and distribution through 3D-based cross-section inspection.

Traditional manual track patrols often suffer from limited visibility and subjective judgment, leading to potential errors. The 2iSYS system automatically collects high-resolution front and rear images during operation, recognizing kilometer posts and automatically monitoring abnormalities in key facilities such as structures and obstacles. The captured video can also be used for post-analysis and evidence documentation.

Tunnel interiors are difficult to access and poorly lit, making it challenging to identify facility defects through visual inspection. Defects in drainage panels, electrical systems, or structural deformation of the tunnel ceiling can lead to serious safety hazards. 2iSYS utilizes multi-channel line-scan cameras and deep learning-based analysis to diagnose tunnel defects in real time.